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Analysis Of O Connor And Nathaniel Hawthorne - 1554 Words

Flannery O’Connor and Nathaniel Hawthorne are two American Literature short story writers. O’Connor’s short stories focused on the southern gothic genre which consisted of painful experiences with a spiritual angle. Nathaniel Hawthorne focused his work on the dark romanticism genre. Both of their works, explored conflicts between good versus evil and contain characters who discovered epiphanies which are sudden realizations or new perspectives. But the way that these two writers portray the epiphanies of their characters are very different but in some ways are similar. Flannery O’Connor brings her characters to a point where it is no longer possible for them to continue in their same manner therefore they undergo an epiphanal experience. Nathanial Hawthorne uses epiphanies in his characters to show a moment of truth where the main character has the opportunity to change his/her way of thinking or behavior. O’Connor’s use of epiphanies in her characters gives a more intense feel to the audience such as in the story â€Å"A Good Man is Hard to Find† than Hawthorne’s approach to epiphanies in â€Å"The Birthmark†. Flannery O’Connor handles this motif by bringing her characters to a point where it is no longer possible for them to continue unless they undergo an epiphany, but the epiphanal moment is accompanied by destruction and violence. The epiphany in the short stories is produced by the death of characters or by the destruction of a beloved possession. The way that O’Connor portraysShow MoreRelatedFlannery O Connor s Good Country People935 Words   |  4 PagesFlannery O Connor s Good Country People and Nathaniel Hawthorne s Young Goodman Brown explore the nature and range of religious hypocrisy congruently. Comparably O Connor s theme focuses on the eclipsed personalities one can have, where Hawthorne s short story pushes the meaning that everyone is secretly corrupt in their own w ay. While each tale marches to its own tune, the overlap is prominent; both authors strive to make a clear stance that the moral standing of an individual is only

Crime and Juvenile Justice free essay sample

Throughout history the American juvenile justice system has changed focus in attempts to provide an efficient system. Additionally, these changes have influenced the concept of punishment by replacing it with different methods such as rehabilitation. According to the text, American Corrections by Todd R. Clear, George F. Cole, and Michael D. Reisig, the juvenile justice system is characterized by five time periods. The first time period is referred to as the Puritan Period. Between 1646 and 1824, misbehaved children who didn’t obey their parents would be considered evil and have to deal with the law. During the Refuge Period between 1824 and 1899, institutes were created to provide good work, study habits, and discipline to children. These refugee camps soon became to resemble adult prisons and portrayed little impact. By the end of the 1800’s reformers decided to find alternate ways to deal with children. In this case the first modern juvenile justice system was created. We will write a custom essay sample on Crime and Juvenile Justice or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The Juvenile Court Period took place between 1899 and 1960. During this time, the first juvenile court was established. According to the text, â€Å"decisions about the juvenile’s fate were linked less to guilt or innocence and more to the ‘best interests’ of the child† (Clear, Cole and Reisig, 2011, p. 474). The court was mostly based on informality, individualization, and intervention. In all this informal method was found to be ineffective because laws were imposed in ways that did not interest the children. Additionally, the Juvenile Right Period between 1960 and 1980, a rally took place which convinced the United States Supreme Court to provide most of the due process rights to juveniles which also applied to adults. The Crime Control Period began in 1980 and is currently present. In theory, â€Å"the justice system treats juveniles differently from adults by placing less emphasis on punishment and individualized treatment† (Clear, Cole and Reisig, 2011, p. 476). The idea is that juveniles are different from adults. On the other hand, the controversial issue regarding juvenile justice comes from the reality that many states have changed the focus of the juvenile justice system from rehabilitation to punishment and deterrence. According to the article, Not Kids anymore: A need for punishment and deterrence in the juvenile justice system by Christine Chamberlin, â€Å"although the current juvenile justice system in many states now closely resembles the adult criminal justice system, they remain two separate systems of justice, ounded on different philosophies† (Chamberlin, 2004). In other words, some believed that juvenile systems provide rehabilitation, and others don’t see the difference in the two separate systems. The reason this factor was taken in to consideration was because according to many scientists it was found that juvenile’s brains were not fully developed to reach the adult complexity. Additionally, their mental and physical factors were found to be different fr om those of an adult (Grisso; Schwartz, 2000). Therefore, juveniles were viewed to be curable. Furthermore, throughout my courses as a criminal justice major I have learned that most criminals who are released in prisons almost always end up back in the prison for a different crime. It is arguable that the facility of prisons might in fact expose prisoners to extreme factors they may have not seen outside of the prisons, such as extreme violence, certain drugs, and gangs. In all, this doesn’t seem like an efficient method to provide guidance for prisoners. Instead of being rehabilitated, they are exposed to all the extreme factors at once. Not only that, they seem to learn to become viler in the outer world because in prison they learn to be more cautious of their surroundings. Moreover, what I am trying to say is that most juveniles that commit extreme crimes, who are not exposed to drugs, and violence before hand of their crime, would probably not be well off in adult prisons. According to the article, Should the Law Treat Kids and Adults Differently? by Time Magazine some people view harsh crimes as a deterrent for children who are thinking about committing crimes. Uniquely, the article states these opinions and disagrees, by implying that rehabilitation is the key for deterring crime. The author argues that rehabilitation plays as a crime control/ and due process model by protecting society and protecting the â€Å"young adults life. It also outlines that children do not have the capacity to understand the process of being trialed. In my opinion, the child would not be able to obtain the same rights as an adult because their level of understanding would be different. The article also makes it clear, that children shouldn’t be exposed to weapons that cause them to commit crimes. Not to mention supervision is essential. In all, the parents and society play a crucial role in the juvenile decision to committing a crime.

Third Cubicle On The Right Essays - , Term Papers

Third Cubicle on the Right The doors open, you step off the elevator. You pass the vending machines, coffee makers and a box of glazed donuts. Veering to the left, you enter the array of cubicles from wall to wall. Something catches your eye. He's young, really young and he has his own desk here at Bell Helicopter Textron. No way you think to yourself, he must be somebody's kid playing on the computer. To be sure, you approach him and introduce yourself. As the two of you converse he tells you that he is an intern and will start at Texas AHe also mentions that this is his cubicle and he actually helps design certain parts of the helicopters on the CAD (Computer Aided Design) system. You sit down as curiosity takes over. The conversation continues, describing how he got the job and internship. He states, how in high school, he filled out an application. As you listen to his testimony, a question starts to form subconsciously in your head. In the middle of his sentence you ask, ?How do you know mechanical engine ering is right for you He jokingly answers that it was the research paper. You take another sip of cappuccino and a small bite of the donut you snagged on your way in. For the next twenty-five minutes you drink your drink and eat your eats as this boy described the pathway for his future. It sounded something like this. Determining if this is the future for me or not is a difficult decision, due to the fact that this is the rest of my life we're talking about. I have contacted a few Bell employees and some that are not associated with the Bell program. During these interviews, I collected information from various databases including those off the Internet. Three I intervewed gave me both odds and ends of mechanical engineering (M.E.). Each of the three works in a different type or division of M.E. One orders necessary materials for every part of an aircraft. Another designs and constructs medical equipment. The third, tests materials under stress for the helicopters at Bell. The first of these interviews was with Mr. Jeff Moorse. Mr. Moorse is a Senior Engineer at Abbott Laboratories in Irving. Mr. Moorse is one of the head designers of medical equipment. Mr. Moorse was the easiest to talk to. He has great communication skills. He answered every question and left nothing unanswered. He stated that communication is the essential factor in his line of business. When you design something, you cannot make it perfect by yourself. You need outside input to help complete a design. The only way that is possible is through communication. If you cannot complete an idea or explain what you are looking for you will never have a completed project. Mr. Moorse also included another important element in success, education. Mr. Moorse received a bachelor's degree in M.E. from Buffalo University in New York. He then moved to Irving and received a Masters in Business Administration at University of Dallas at night. The CAD system currently at Abbott Labs is a different ve rsion than that of Bell's. Mr. Moorse was very enjoyable to talk to. I interviewed him at a cross-country meet so the interview was not set in a business setting. It was a very comfortable setting and atmosphere. The interview went quite well from my point of view. The next engineer was Mr. James Foster of Northrop Grumman. He is also an M.E. and his title is Staff Engineer. He's the guy who orders and researches every single material or product used on an airplane. Mr. Foster gave me a negative look at M.E. since he seemed unhappy. The interview was a telephone interview, which made me feel uncomfortable because I feel like I do not have the person's full attention. This was especially the case with Mr. Foster. He seemed unpleased with his schooling in that he feels that the university concentrated on subjects unneeded in his work force. He went on about UTA, where he received a bachelor's degree, implying that they emphasized only mechanics instead

Biography of Diego de Almagro, Spanish Conquistador

Biography of Diego de Almagro, Spanish Conquistador Diego de Almagro (1475–July 8, 1538) was a Spanish soldier and conquistador, famous for his role in the defeat of the Inca Empire in Peru and Ecuador and his later participation in a bloody civil war among the victorious conquistadors. He rose from humble beginnings in Spain to a position of wealth and power in the New World, only to be defeated by his former friend and ally Francisco Pizarro. His name is often associated with Chile: He led an expedition of exploration and conquest there in the 1530s, although he found the land and its people too harsh and tough. Fast Facts: Diego de Almagro Known For: Helped conquer the Inca EmpireBorn: 1475 in Almagro, Castile (now Spain)Parents: Juan de Montenegro, Elvira Gutià ©rrezDied: July 8, 1538 in Cuzco, PeruSpouse: Ana Martinez  Children: Diego de  Almagro el Mozo Early Life Diego de Almagro was born illegitimately in Almagro, in present-day Spain, which explains why his name is based on his place of birth rather than his parents, Juan de Montenegro and Elvira Gutià ©rrez. According to most accounts, his father shunned him; when he was very young he was raised by his mother or a servant of his mother. At any rate, his parents were of little help to him as he grew up. Later, he was raised by his maternal uncle Hernn Gutià ©rrez, but he is believed to have struck out on his own around age 15. At some point, he is thought to have served in the Spanish navy. By 1514 he was in the New World- possibly after killing a man in a fight- having arrived with the fleet of Pedrarà ­as Dvila, a colonial administrator. A tough, determined, ruthless soldier, Almagro quickly rose through the ranks of the adventurers who were conquering the New World. He was older than most, approaching 40 by the time of his arrival in Panama. He eventually took a common-law wife, Ana Martinez, and they had a son, Diego de Almagro el Mozo. The latter part of the sons name is variously translated as the younger or the lad. Panama Gov. Dvilas first mainland outpost was created in the isthmus of Panama. The spot that Dvila picked for the settlement was humid and buggy, and the settlement struggled to survive. The highlight of this period was without a doubt Vasco Nà ºÃƒ ±ez de Balboas overland voyage that discovered the Pacific Ocean. Three of the hardened soldiers of the Panama expedition were Almagro, Francisco Pizarro, and the priest Hernando de Luque. Almagro and Pizarro were important officers and soldiers, having participated by this time in various expeditions. Exploring the South Almagro and Pizarro remained in Panama for a few years before receiving news of Hernn Cortà ©s’ stunning conquest of the Aztec Empire. Together with Luque, the two men put together a proposal to the Spanish king to outfit and direct an expedition of a conquest to the south. The Inca Empire was as yet unknown to the Spanish: they had no idea who or what they would find down south. The king accepted the proposal, and Pizarro set forth with about 200 men. Almagro remained in Panama to send men and supplies to Pizarro. Conquest of the Inca In 1532, Almagro heard that Pizarro and 170 men had captured the Inca Emperor Atahualpa and were ransoming him for a treasure unlike any the world had ever seen. Almagro hurriedly gathered reinforcements and departed for present-day Peru, catching up with his old partner in April 1533. His 150 well-armed Spaniards were a welcome sight to Pizarro. Soon the conquistadors began hearing rumors of the approach of an Inca army under Gen. Rumià ±ahui. In a panic, they decided to execute Atahualpa. The Spanish somehow managed to hold onto the Empire. Troubles with Pizarro Once the Inca Empire was pacified, Almagro and Pizarro began having troubles. The crown’s division of Peru was vague: The wealthy city of Cuzco fell under Almagro’s jurisdiction, but the powerful Pizarro and his brothers held it. Almagro went north and participated in the conquest of Quito, but the north was not as rich. Almagro seethed at what he saw as Pizarros schemes to cut him out of the New World loot. He met with Pizarro and it was decided in 1534 that Almagro would take a large force south into present-day Chile, following rumors of vast wealth. His issues with Pizarro were left unsettled. Chile The rumors turned out to be false, and the journey was arduous. The conquistadors had to cross the treacherous, mighty Andes, which took the lives of several Spaniards and countless African slaves and native allies. Once they arrived, they found Chile to be a harsh land, full of tough-as-nails Mapuche natives who fought Almagro and his men on several occasions. After two years of exploring and finding no rich empires like the Aztecs or Incas, Almagro’s men prevailed upon him to return to Peru and claim Cuzco as his own. Civil War Almagro returned to Peru in 1537 to find Manco Inca, an Inca prince who had been a puppet ruler of the Inca Empire, in open revolt against Pizarros forces, who were on the defensive in the highlands and the city of Lima. Almagros army was weary and tattered but still formidable, and he was able to drive off Manco. Almagro saw the revolt as an opportunity to seize Cuzco and quickly engaged the Spaniards who were loyal to Pizarro. He had the upper hand at first, but Pizarro sent another force up from Lima in early 1538. They soundly defeated Almagro and his men at the battle of Las Salinas. Death Almagro fled to Cuzco, but men loyal to the Pizarro brothers pursued and captured him there. Almagro was sentenced to death, a move that stunned most of the Spanish in Peru, as he had been elevated to a nobleman by the Spanish king some years before. He was executed by garrote, an iron collar slowly tightened around the neck, on July 8, 1538, and his body was put on public display. Legacy The unexpected execution of Almagro had far-reaching consequences for the Pizarro brothers, turning many against them in the New World as well as in Spain. The civil wars did not end. In 1542 Almagro’s son, then 22, led a revolt that resulted in the murder of Francisco Pizarro. Almagro the Younger was quickly caught and executed, ending Almagro’s direct line. Today, Almagro is remembered chiefly in Chile, where he is considered an important pioneer even though he left no real lasting legacy there other than having explored some of it. Pedro de Valdivia, one of Pizarro’s lieutenants, finally conquered and settled Chile. Sources Hemming, John. The Conquest of the Inca. Pan Books, 2004.Herring, Hubert. A History of Latin America From the Beginnings to the Present. Alfred A. Knopf, 1962.Diego de Almagro. Euston.Diego de Almagro. Encyclopedia.com.Diego de Almagro: Spanish Conquistador. Encyclopedia Brittanica.

Idea and Ideal

Idea and Ideal Idea and Ideal Idea and Ideal By Maeve Maddox It may be a regionalism, but many speakers say or write ideal when they mean idea. For example: I have an ideal for next year’s Christmas: Move the date. Comic Silverman has an ideal for ending world hunger: Sell the Vatican. Do you have any ideals for how I can ease my fear of flying? The noun idea can be used with philosophical connotations, but as the word is used in ordinary conversation, it usually means â€Å"the picture or notion of something formed in the mind.† Here are some correct uses of idea: I have an idea for next year’s Christmas: Move the date. Comic Silverman has an idea for ending world hunger: Sell the Vatican. Do you have any ideas for how I can ease my fear of flying? I have an idea; let’s go to the movies. An inventor begins with an idea of the thing to be made. He wants to visit Paris, but the idea of flying makes him hesitate. As a noun, ideal means â€Å"a person or thing regarded as a perfect example or representative†: James Garner was the ideal of a Hollywood leading man with thick black hair, square jaw, perfect teeth, and a charming smile. The Grace Project: Transforming Our Ideal of Female Beauty The noun ideal is also an antonym of real used as an abstract noun: In politics as in personal matters, individuals must come to terms with the disparity between the ideal and the real. The notion of an ideal, of something, which for whatever reason, ought to be, as distinguished from what is. –J. Grote Ideal used as an adjective does not attract the misuse that haunts ideal as a noun. In the following examples ideal means, â€Å"regarded as perfect or supremely excellent in its kind†: Bond girl Bà ©rà ©nice Marlohe talks about her ideal man   What’s the ideal breed for a family dog? In an ideal world, prime ministers would indeed put great thought and effort into establishing a highly skilled, intellectually impressive, thoughtful and engaged Senate. But it’s not an ideal world.   Ideal can also mean â€Å"existing only in idea; not real, actual, or practical†: Administrators must compromise  between practical and ideal  solutions. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:English Grammar 101: All You Need to KnowPrecedent vs. PrecedenceKn- Words in English

AOL Project GSB Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

AOL Project GSB - Essay Example The CEO Sally Smith, a mother of two, is a graduate of the University of North Dakota and holds BSc in Accounting and business administration. She held the position of chief financial officer at Dahlberg Inc. for 11 years before she was hired by BWLD in 1994 as a CFO and promoted to CEO in 1996. The strategies that Buffalo Wild Wings put forward in 2013 accomplished its goals to remain a high-growth, category-leading concept. It has significantly funded new strategic plans, invests in growth and imperatively distributed its earnings to shareholders. Its gross margin over the period 2013 was 27.0% and the operating margin was 9.6%, percentages that are above industry average. The company’s net margin stood at 6.5%. The company is fuelling its growth by increasing demand for its products and services. BWLD’s gross margin is inching upward implying that the company is continuously beating competitors and acquiring domination in the restaurant industry. The company continue s expanding through mergers and acquisitions and the dividends and its payout ratio upsurge. The risks and uncertainties involved in investing in the company are highlighted to caution investors against potential market failures and impending indecisions. The stock price increased by 52% and the company provided substantial value to its shareholders with a EPS $3.80, DEPS of $3.79. Revenue increased and was used to offer a salary increment to its directors. Apparently, its impressive stock performance acted as a momentous factor that fascinated investors. The 10k annual report reveals that the latest earnings that enable it to actively acquire a chain of restaurants that are small to reduce the acquisition cost. The buffalo wild wing company is in a position and determined to expand its base to targeted North American. This started as a result of

Understanding developments 2- international relation Essay

Understanding developments 2- international relation - Essay Example This means that these countries are poor countries which need either the microfinance or the social protection policies to better their lives. This paper is going to compare, with evidence, ways in which microfinance and social protection policies have achieved poverty alleviation and secured more livelihoods. Furthermore, this paper is going to aptly decide which of the two methods is efficient in its attempt at poverty alleviation and creation of secured livelihoods. Microfinance has done a lot to reduce poverty in the global south since it has reached even the poorest of them all. This is because microfinance, unlike streamline banks do not see peasants as not worthy for credit and has put rules that do not favor the poor thus microfinance comes in. an example is in Bangladesh where poverty was rife until one of their own called Muhammad yunus developed the classical grameen model, what is today called the microfinance in the 1970. He decided to give small loans to a group of five people and it grew and become a significant poverty reduction tool in the world. As per now south and east Asia have the most striking poverty reductions in the world (Wood, Malik, & Sagheer, 2006, 14). Secondly, microfinance has enabled the global south population to become self employed since jobs are scarce. By doing this they in turn create employment for other people and this better eradicates poverty. An example is India whose about 70% of its population is poor and depend on farming. These farmers have all along been excluded from loans that would help them involved in large scale farming. Now with the help of microfinance, India has seen a striking reduction rate in poverty since peasant farmers can now access loans, better manage themselves and build assets. Thirdly, in the global south women have a lower percentage of education and are thus not empowered especially in the Middle East. In fact according to World Bank, Middle East as a

The Stages of Consumer Buying Decision Process Essay Example for Free

The Stages of Consumer Buying Decision Process Essay A purchaser buy a product or service for the first time. The greater cost or risk, the larger the number of participants and the greater their information gathering. New task buying is the marketer greatest opportunity and challenge. The process passes through several stages. They are: 1. Awareness 2. Interest 3. Evaluation 4. Trial 5. Adoption Systems Buying and Selling Many business buyers prefer to buy a total solution to a problem from one seller. System buying – The practice that originated with government purchases of major weapons and communication systems. The contractor who has awarded the contract would be responsible for bidding out and assembling the system subcomponents from second tier contractor. This is the prime contractor provides a turnkey solution. System Contracting – A single supplier provides the buyer with all required MRO supplies (maintenance, repair, and operating supplies). During the contract period, the suppliers managed the customer inventory. System selling is a key industrial marketing strategy in bidding to build large scale industrial project, such as dams, steel factories, irrigation systems, pipelines utilities, and even new towns. Participants in the Business Buying Process Purchasing agents are influential in straight rebuy and modified rebuy situations whereas other department personel are more influential in new-buy situations. The Buying Center 1. Initiators Users or others in the organization who request that something be purchased 2. Users Those who will use the product or service. In many cases, the users initiate the buying proposal and help define the product requirement. 3. Influencers People who influence the buying decisions, often by helping define specifications and providing information for evaluating alternatives. Technical personel are particularly important influencers. 4. Deciders People who decide on product requirement or on suppliers 5. Approvers People who authorize the proposed actions of deciders or buyers 6. Buyers People who have formal authority to select the suppliers and arrange the purchase terms. Buyers may help shape product specifications, but they play their major role in selecting vendors and negotiating. In more complex purchases, buyers may include high-level managers 7. Gatekeepers People who have the power to prevent seller or informations from reaching members of the buying center. For example, purchasing agents, receptionist, and telephone operators may prevent salespersons from contacting user or deciders. Buying Center Targeting To target their efforts properly, business marketers need to figure out: Who are the major decision participant? What decisions do they influence? What is their level of influence? What evaluation criteria do they use? The business marketers is not likely to know exactly what kind of group dynamic take place during the decision process, although whatever information he can obtain about personalities and interpersonal factors are useful. Stages in the Buying Process 1. Problem Recognation The buying process begins when someone in the company recognizes a problems or need that can be met by acquiring a good or service. The recognation can be triggered by internal and external stimuli. Internal stimuli might be that the company decides to develop a new product and needs new equipment and materials or a machine breaks down and requires new parts. Externally, the buyer may get new ideas at a trade show, see and ad, or receive a call from a sales representative who offers a better product or a lower price. 2. General Need Description and Product Specification The buyer determines the needed item’s general characteristics and required quantity. The buyer will work with others engineers, users, to define characteristics such as reliability, durability, or price. Business marketers can help by describing how their products meet or even exceed the buyer needs. The buying organization now develops the item’s technical specification. Often, the company will assign a product value analysis engineering team to the project. Product value Analysis (PVA) is an approach to cost reduction that studies component to determine whether they can be redesigned or standardized or made by the cheaper methods of production. The PVA team will identify overdesigned components, for instance that last longer for the product itself.

There is No Captain Kirk: A Theory of Universal Lack of Personal Identity :: Identity Essays

There is No Captain Kirk: A Theory of Universal Lack of Personal Identity There are multiple ways to interpret the second scenario provided to us. In general, the Captain Kirks in scenario two are either identical or they are not. Since we know that anything can only be numerically identical to itself, we also know that the two Kirks are not numerically or perfectly identical to each other. Thus, the question we are left with is: how are the two Kirks identical and how are they not? In the first scenario, we only witness that there is only one Captain Kirk throughout, therefore we make the assumption that the Kirk on the surface of the planet and the one that stood on the transporter platform are numerically identical to each other and that they are in fact the same Kirk. In the second scenario, the two Kirks that we witness are identical in respects to body, brain, memory, and functionality. However, there are many reasons that these factors do not make the two Kirks the same person. The two Kirks appear to be identical physically. This is known as bodily identity, which is in short, the theory that you are your body and that wherever your body goes there you are. Daniel C. Dennett refutes this theory in â€Å"Where Am I?† using the following argument: If Tom and Dick switch brains, Tom is the fellow with Dick’s former body – just ask him; he’ll claim to be Tom, and tell you the most intimate details of Tom’s autobiography. (See Endnote 1) John Perry also discusses this in â€Å"A Dialogue on Personal Identity and Immortality†: Weirob: And would you reason conversely also? If there were in this bed Barbara Walter’s body – that is, the body you see every night on the news – would you infer that it was not me, Gretchen Weirob, in the bed? Miller: Of course I would. How would you have come by Barbara Walter’s body? Weirob: But then merely extend this principle to heaven, and you will see that your conception of survival is without sense.

Mind or Body Philosophy Paper

Alexandra Williams Philosophy 1100 The Mind and/or Body Argument For thousands of years philosophers have acknowledged a boundary between or physical selves and our mental selves. However with the passing of time and the advancements of science whether we are governed by our minds or just our bodies has been debated more and more. There are a long line of ancient thinkers who contemplated the mind-body relationship issue starting with Plato and Aristotle (Waller, 2011). Without knowing what we are run by we can never truly reach our full potential because we may be limited by our physical or mental selves.The mind or body argument consists of arguments for the existence of only the mind, the body, and a combination of the two. Many philosophers put faith in the idea that our bodies are separate entities than our minds. Because they are absolutely certain that we do think they feel they can be sure that we are our minds. Bodies just happen to be our anchors and we can surely live with out them. Rene Descartes once stated â€Å"I exist as a thinking thing. What then is it that I am? A thinking thing. What is a thinking thing?Is it a thing that doubts, understands, affirms, denies, wills, abstains from willing, that also can be aware of images and sensations? †¦ It is certain that I am truly distinct from my body, and I can exist without it. † (Dr. Bob Zunjic, University of Rhode Island). The idea of our existence truly being only our minds we could very well leave our own bodies and without needing to feed our bodies or be weighed down by the frailty of them who knows how long we could live or how much we could learn?While materialist believe that everything is made of matter Aristotle had an argument against this â€Å"if the intellect were material then it could not receive all of the forms. If the intellect were a specific material organ (or part of one) then it would be restricted to receiving only certain kinds of information, as the eye is restr icted to receiving visual data and the ear is restricted to receiving auditory data. Since the intellect is capable of receiving and reflecting on all forms of data, then it must not be a physical organ and, hence, it must be immaterial† (Waller, 2011).While many philosophers believe that the mind is the ultimate power house others believe that the body is. For the last hundred years or so materialism has been the dominant theory in metaphysics. With the rapid advances of science the ideas that our existence is merely physical have been more prominent. Materialism or physicalism is the idea that everything that exists is no more extensive than it’s physical properties, meaning that there is nothing that exists that isn’t tangible.Because scientists have been able to explain things that many accounted to the work of a higher power before many have come to believe that existence is simpler to explain than it was previously. The idea of Ockham’s razor is used to argue against arguments of the mind. Ockham’s razor basically says that simple explanations are typically the best (Waller,2011). Why try to argue that God made the planets orbit the earth with no proof when it is easier to say and prove that all planets revolve around the sun? Materialists believe that we can only be sure of the things that we can touch or see so there is only one substance in the world: matter.Many people have an issue with materialism and the argument of body over mind however because it leads to moral issues. If the only things that exist are physical, things that we can see, touch, etc. then how can there be religion? We cannot see God therefore, in a materialist’s opinion, he cannot exist. There are obviously philosophers that believe in both mind by itself or matter by itself, but there are those who believe in a combination of the two as well. While some philosophers choose to believe that either the mind or the body is superior to the othe r many philosophers believe that both mind and body are what we are made of.According to Bertrand Russell â€Å"the stuff of which the world of our experience is composed is, in my belief, neither mind nor matter, but something more primitive than either. Both mind and matter seem to be composite, and the stuff of which they are compounded lies in a sense between the two, in a sense above them both, like a common ancestor. † (The Analysis of Mind, 1921) To philosophers who believe this, beings are a combination of their physical and mental actions and abilities.Rene Descartes is closely associated with the idea of dualism, which is the idea that mental occurrences are non-physical and that the mind and the body are distinct. He associated the mind with consciousness and self-awareness and differentiated it from the physical brain of a person. Descartes is known as the first philosopher to note the difference between the mind and body. Dualists make their points with such exam ples as when they body is injured it causes pain to the mind and that at times, even when they body is hurt the mind postpones pain in the form of shock.If the body or the mind simply existed by themselves then we wouldn’t feel pain because it’s a physical action with a mental response. You need both in the equation to get pain as the result. Dualism also has an advantage because it is consistent with our experiences. When we have ideas or feelings we don’t think of them in concepts of size, weight, color, shaper, etc. We think of them in terms of good, bad, wise, immature, or otherwise. It also helps explain certain things like human abilities. Things like the ideas of freedom, morality, ethics, and other things that make us discernibly human.Now on top of dualism, Descartes proposed a theory called interactionism, believing that the body and the mind had an actual point where one began and the other ended. He believed it to be where the pineal gland is because at the time they didn’t know what it did. However with the explanation of the pineal gland’s real purpose came the expulsion of interactionism (Waller, 2011). Also dualism came under skepticism because of it’s tendency to be a more complex explanation of things than was needed. Metaphysical issues such as the mind or body dispute are one of the most debated subjects in the philosophical world.So many great minds have been stumped by this issue. To label existence as purely physical means the dismissal of the idea of a higher power. To say that life is purely mental fails to explain how radically different realities interact, such as sensations like pain. Even the idea that both interact together can be challenged because there is no way to fully explain how the two connect and are translated into each other. Sadly this is a question unlikely to have a solution ever, or at least no time in the near future.This can almost be frightening because until we have an a nswer to these inquiries we won’t be able to truly know ourselves or the things around us. In agreement with Thomas Nagel †What is needed is something we do not have: a theory of conscious organisms as physical systems composed of chemical elements and occupying space, which also have an individual perspective on the world, and in some cases a capacity for self-awareness as well. In some way that we do not now understand, our minds as well as our bodies come into being when these materials are suitably combined and organized.The strange truth seems to be that certain complex, biologically generated physical systems, of which each of us is an example, have rich non-physical properties. An integrated theory of reality must account for this, and I believe that if and when it arrives, probably not for centuries, it will alter our conception of the universe as radically as anything has to date. †(The View From Nowhere, 1989). Works Cited Nagel, Thomas. The View From No where. N. p. : n. p. , 1989. Print. Waller, Bruce N. Consider Philosophy. N. p. : n. p. , n. d. , 2011. Print. Zunjic, Bob. University of Rhode Island. N. p. , n. d. Web. 24 Apr. 2012.

Is the truth obscured by language? Essay

Truth is public, independent of anyone’s belief and eternal.1 Language allows us to convey knowledge from one person to another by recording our thoughts and feelings and communicating these to others. However, I think that our knowledge can be affected by our capacity to communicate through language. Truths are obscured and our understanding of them is influenced by the language that they are expressed in. A truth may be deliberately concealed or misrepresented. The context in which it is expressed will also affect our understanding of it. Our understanding of something may be obscured by the ambiguity of language. A word could have a range of meanings. Often the context in which a word is used determines its meaning. We use language differently and respond differently to the various uses of language, depending on the context in which it is expressed. But in some cases, because of ambiguity, it is possible to get confused. If I say, â€Å"Visiting relatives can be so boring† it could mean two different things. I may be expressing that I do not enjoy going over to visit a relative, or that I get bored when relatives come to visit me. Both interpretations are relevant to the same context and thus the possibility of confusion arises from ambiguity. The truth, that is, how I really feel, is obscured when the sentence is interpreted in a different way. The use of language leads to classifications, which determines our attitude and behavior. I think that in the case of generalizations, often the words may not mean anything but it is our conventional reactions, which determine our response towards that which is being generalized. As well as reflecting reality, language may also create it. Blondes are classified as being dumb. This has given rise to the widespread use of the phrase â€Å"dumb blondes† and innumerable â€Å"dumb blonde jokes†. The words create reality to the extent that whenever someone meets a blonde person, his/her initial reaction is that he/she will be dumb. Such stereotypes exist in most aspects of everyday life. They contribute to our opinions and these preconceived notions lead us to make assumptions, which may not necessarily be true. Despite this, we still cling to our notions and as a result, our understanding of the truth has been altered. This also happens when we make inferences and judgments. Whenever we come to a conclusion about something based on what we know, it may not be valid. Once we make our judgment and express it in words, we are forced to think along those lines and reduce the possibility of arriving to a new conclusion. When I say that Jack hurt Jill, we think that Jack, a boy, has physically hit Jill or perhaps has been the cause of emotional pain for Jill, a girl. But the only information presented in the statement is that Jack is a living being and did something that could cause Jill to suffer. Jack and Jill may both be dogs, or Jack may have hurt his dog Jill. We cannot be sure of what the true facts are. Nevertheless, we assume more than the information presented in the statement. Therefore, I believe that language can create and maintain reality and make us believe something even if there is no basis on the true facts. People may deliberately avoid telling the truth and employ language to do so. We say that children tell fibs, accused persons and criminals tell lies, witnesses commit perjury, politicians mislead the people, and lawyers misrepresent the truth. These are all different ways of expressing that a person has said something that is not true. They may do so to persuade others of a certain point of view or win an argument, or simply to sell a product or make a profit. Politicians, particularly, use words, not to enlighten or reveal the truth but often to conceal and deceive. Politicians are adept at using phrases that fall soothingly on the ear but are empty of meaning. These phrases have been so commonly used that they cease to mean something, but they still create the feeling of reassurance and the politicians succeed in gaining the people’s trust. For this purpose, they may use long, hard to define and ambiguous words. Politicians, with the help of the media, have even perverted the meaning of certain words. For example, in the recent refugee situation, through the articles in the newspapers and the statements of various politicians, the people have been led to believe that â€Å"boat-people†, â€Å"refugees†, â€Å"asylum-seekers†, â€Å"illegal immigrants† all mean the same thing. The people assume that all refugees are â€Å"boat-people†, all â€Å"boat-people† are illegal immigrants, and that asylum-seekers have no rights. 2 The word â€Å"freedom† means to be free from political oppression, but now it means freedom from wants and needs, huger, unemployment, illiteracy, sickness, etc. – something promised by the government. The politicians may also use vagueness in language. A statement like â€Å"My government will take strong countermeasures†¦Ã¢â‚¬  is vague and does not really promise anything but it gives the effect that they will try their best. Thus, I believe, that language can be used to deliberately conceal the truth. I think that the truth can be obscured by the language in which we express them. The extent to which it is obscured would depend on the context. Classifications would lead us to make assumptions, which may not be true. Our interpretations and the judgments we make from them would create a difference between what is the truth and what we understand from the expression of that truth. People may deliberately use language to obscure the truth. The language of politics is designed to conceal the facts. Advertising misleads the consumer. The truth remains the same. It cannot be changed but it can be misrepresented. I believe that when communicating the truth through language, it is our understanding of the truth, which leads us to believe something that is not true, therefore obscuring the true facts. Bibliography: 1. Philosophy – An Introduction to The Art of Wondering 2. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy – http://plato.stanford.edu/ 3. Ways of Knowing – An Introduction to Theory of Knowledge. Michael Woodman 4. Thinking About Thinking. Antony Flew 5. Introductory Readings on Language. Wallace L. Anderson and Norman C. Stageberg 6. The Story of Language. Merio Pei 7. A Nice Line in Bigotry [Article] – Philip Adams 8. The Corruption of Language [Article] – Leslie Snyder 9. Perrault’s Durable Myth Cinderella: Female Role Model Propoganda – class handout 1 Ways of Knowing – An Introduction to Theory of Knowledge. Michael Woodman 2 A Nice Line in Bigotry [Article] – Philip Adams

Free Essays on Victorian Influence On Charles Dickenss “A Visit To Newgate“

Victorian Influence on â€Å"A Visit to Newgate† The â€Å"spirit of the age† was dead and Romanticism was over. Eighteen year-old, Victoria, had become queen in June 1837. This date just so happened to fall around the start of one of the biggest literary movements of all time, the Victorian era. One of the most distinctive features of Victorian literature is its social orientation. As the ambiguities of rank and wealth reared their ugly heads, Charles Dickens’s was there, delivering the truth, the truth that lay behind the snobbery and malaises of the upper class. In â€Å"A Visit to Newgate,† Dickens approaches the issues of the poor and impoverished through the dismal display he reported of the Newgate prison in London. The report of this prison was given not only to awaken the upper classes to the sadness of the lower classes, but to also show the journey into the deep structures of the social world of the Victorian era. The report also portrayed the struggle of women in society. Through Dickensâ⠂¬â„¢s eyes, the reader is able to view the inside of the jail as well as the people of the prison, the poor in which make up the internal structure of the pristine Victorian era, the internal structure in which Dickens had been a part of for most of his life. Dickens’s life during his childhood greatly influenced the person he became, as well as the topics and the manner in which he wrote. When asked about his childhood years Dickens stated: My whole nature was so penetrated with grief and humiliation that even now, famous and caressed and happy, I often forget in my dreams that I have a dear wife and children; even that I am a man; and wander desolately back to that time of my life. (Dickens; Smiley, page 77) Dickens, born February 7, 1812, was surrounded by sadness and poverty as a child. He began his life in Portsmouth, where his father, John, worked in the Navy Pay Office, a respectable and promising job. His famil... Free Essays on Victorian Influence On Charles Dickens's â€Å"A Visit To Newgateâ€Å" Free Essays on Victorian Influence On Charles Dickens's â€Å"A Visit To Newgateâ€Å" Victorian Influence on â€Å"A Visit to Newgate† The â€Å"spirit of the age† was dead and Romanticism was over. Eighteen year-old, Victoria, had become queen in June 1837. This date just so happened to fall around the start of one of the biggest literary movements of all time, the Victorian era. One of the most distinctive features of Victorian literature is its social orientation. As the ambiguities of rank and wealth reared their ugly heads, Charles Dickens’s was there, delivering the truth, the truth that lay behind the snobbery and malaises of the upper class. In â€Å"A Visit to Newgate,† Dickens approaches the issues of the poor and impoverished through the dismal display he reported of the Newgate prison in London. The report of this prison was given not only to awaken the upper classes to the sadness of the lower classes, but to also show the journey into the deep structures of the social world of the Victorian era. The report also portrayed the struggle of women in society. Through Dickensâ⠂¬â„¢s eyes, the reader is able to view the inside of the jail as well as the people of the prison, the poor in which make up the internal structure of the pristine Victorian era, the internal structure in which Dickens had been a part of for most of his life. Dickens’s life during his childhood greatly influenced the person he became, as well as the topics and the manner in which he wrote. When asked about his childhood years Dickens stated: My whole nature was so penetrated with grief and humiliation that even now, famous and caressed and happy, I often forget in my dreams that I have a dear wife and children; even that I am a man; and wander desolately back to that time of my life. (Dickens; Smiley, page 77) Dickens, born February 7, 1812, was surrounded by sadness and poverty as a child. He began his life in Portsmouth, where his father, John, worked in the Navy Pay Office, a respectable and promising job. His famil...

LinkedIns New TOS Its Personal

LinkedIns New TOS Its Personal Last week, LinkedIn released a preview of its new Terms of Service which will go into effect in May. As I read through the new terms, it got me thinking about the experiences Ive had on LinkedIn and how they relate to LinkedIns new TOS - and of course about how these terms will affect my readers. LinkedIn Messaging Violations Abound Just yesterday, the following invitation request came into my LinkedIn account from the CEO of LawMatch.com: Hi Brenda. As a member of legal industry Id like to add you to my LinkedIN network. Im the CEO of LawMatch where we make it a priority to support law firms and legal employers like you. I look forward to networking with you on LinkedIN. In case it wasnt clear, I am neither a law firm nor a legal employer, so whatever or whomever sent me that message (Im assuming it was not really a personal message from the CEO) missed the mark big time. Heres another message, received from someone named Christopher Moore, â€Å"Manager at Machinery Trader†: Hi Brenda, Thanks for connecting with me here on LinkedIn. I must comment that you are a very pretty womanYouve got this cute smile that can melt an iceberg.Hope you dont mind my comment ? How is the weather in your city? Chris Im not sure which one of these messages made me angrier. The first one appears to be generated by a bot, and, well, the second one speaks for itself. At least both Sallie and Chris had the decency to write to me on LinkedIn where I am protected to some extent by LinkedIns Terms of Service. I can block and report both of them. In contrast, I have been completely unprotected when, on at least two occasions, I received messages similar to Chriss directly in my regular e-mail inbox. These letters came from men explicitly claiming to have gotten my information from LinkedIn, but LinkedIn said they had no power over the users because the messages were sent outside of LinkedIn. How LinkedIns New TOS Protects Against Unwanted Messages I believe LawMatchs message was spam generated by a bot, so I was able to report it. And I discovered as I was blocking Chris that LinkedIn has a new option allowing me to state that  the message makes me uncomfortable, threatened or harassed. Thankfully, LinkedIns Terms of Service say that both of the above messages violate LinkedIns policies. If indeed a bot was used on the first one, it violates the following rule in the Dos and Donts: DONT: Use bots or other automated methods to access the Services, add or download contacts, send or redirect messages. The second â€Å"romantic† message violates several other agreements: DO: Use the Services in a professional manner. DONT: Harass, abuse or harm another person; DONT: Act in an unlawful or unprofessional manner in connection with our Services†¦ Interestingly, LinkedIn does not make specific reference to the inappropriate use of LinkedIn as a way to harass women or solicit romantic connections. I hope they add something about it in their Professional Community Guidelines. Im going to request that. Both messages also violate the following current preclusions: DONT: Invite people you do not know to join your network. DONT: Use LinkedIn invitations to send messages to people who dont know you or who are unlikely to recognize you as a known contact. We all know how well those rules are going (pretty much everyone violates them as a network building method), and you will be happy to see that the violation has been taken off the donts list in the upcoming May 2018 revision of LinkedIns Terms of Service. Also taken off the list of donts: DONT: Use or attempt to use anothers account. If Im reading it correctly, this means my assistant can log in to my account without fear that the account will be summarily closed. There are some things you just cant control, even if youre LinkedIn. Im happy they have acknowledged that people are going to invite and communicate with people they dont know, and that people with businesses are going to get support to manage their profiles. Sadly, while LinkedIn might be able to stop the bots, they cant prevent wayward users from abusing the privilege of access to LinkedIns huge professional network. Im grateful for those blocking and reporting options, and believe me, I will continue to use them! How about you? Have you experienced LinkedIn violations and how have you handled them? What do you think of LinkedIns new Terms of Service? To get the latest from my blog on LinkedIn topics like this, sign up for my LinkedIn Professional Writing e-list.

Crimes Against Property Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Crimes Against Property - Assignment Example Women carried purses of various sizes, wore outfits with long voluminous skirts, and were decked out in shawls, gloves and muffs. The social class of these offenders in the period immediately following the Civil War was mostly lower. Perpetrators were usually part of the lower class who engaged in much petty criminal behavior, of which shoplifting was just one facet. Although there is no economic theory of shoplifting, the decision to commit this crime is one that is taken rationally, weighing up the implications and advantages of this choice now and in the future. In order to alleviate the prevalence of shoplifting, goods are often not on open display. In order for a customer to see that good which has caught their eye, the customer has to ask the attendant who will retrieve it from behind a counter or barrier of some kind. Also, most businesses have designed their retail stores to funnel all customers to and through the main exits. These changes have dramatically altered the preval ence, practice, and perception of shoplifting (Bamfield, 2012). Furthermore, in order to reduce the prevalence of shoplifting, private security officers possess authority which is a mixture of their powers as civilians and certain special requirements which were added by a special law or ordinance. Majority of the private security officers possess only citizen powers, hence they often function as agents of their employers. These security officers are trained to protect self and property from harm (Button, 2007). As a result, a private security officer working for that business or owner has the same authority, no more-no less. The private security officers have special skills that would enable them to detect the presence of a shoplifter within the premises. In other cases, these security officers have been granted special police powers by a local, state or federal government authority. However, even though the security officer has been granted this type of power, it is limited to the grounds and buildings of the employer. Nearly all the private security officers who work for retail stores have arrest powers for shoplifting incidents. These powers exist because the security officer is working for a shopkeeper. As part of their training, the private security officers have the right to detain a person when there are levelheaded grounds to believe that the person has shoplifted (Arrington, 2006). Home invasion robbery differs from similar crimes, such as burglary or breaking and entering, in how the crime is defined. According to the Illinois Criminal Code, home invasion is an unlawful entering of a dwelling by a person who knows someone was present therein, and armed with a dangerous weapon either uses or threatens use of force or injures someone inside the home. In some states, this difference means that a defendant can be convicted of both home invasion and another crime, such as armed violence during residential burglary based on one unlawful entry. On the othe r hand, other states hold that conviction of home invasion bars conviction of related crimes such as residential burglary based on one unlawful entry. Home invasion is often classified as a separate offense because of the brutal intent to commit various crimes such as robbery, rape, assault or murder against people in the home. Nonetheless, home invasion is not a legally defined crime federally and is only such

Serious Game Critique Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Serious Game Critique - Essay Example Therefore, the game should have different access levels such as Starter, Experienced, Advanced and expert levels. As portrayed here, the game accessible to a player should be commensurate to the level of gaming skill posed. To graduate from one education level to the next, one must portray the expertise by passing a series of exams. In the game, the game activities within a level should move from simplistic ones to complex ones. It is actually very interesting the way the Kenyan Education system is designed to run. The system incorporates several concepts that are used to run it and see a child start and finish the process well. In the Kenyan education system, the child starts their formal education at Nursery. Here the child has to be of age to proceed with their education. The children then have to go through the process which includes exams, tests, practicals and evaluations that if they pass then they can proceed to the next class or level of education (Mukudi, 2004). In the game , there should be competition either with an â€Å"internally simulated player† or with another physical player at each level. ... These rewards are according to their performance. Therefore in the game, if there are say three players, the winner should get a larger reward than the second while the second best player should get a considerably larger reward than the third player. Here there should be a variety of bounties to win and they can be won during the game not just at the end of the gaming level. As the player progresses with the game, he/she should know the bounties and rewards available in competition. This aims at encouraging them desire and work harder towards winning more. The education sector has several major regulatory bodies that monitor the system progress. These have given guidelines and regulations on how the system is supposed to be run. Additionally, the industry players should clearly understand the rules of the system. Taken as such, the game should also have rules which all the players should be informed of before they begin the game. In the game for instance, a pop-up window might be pos itioned at the entry of every level prompting the player to read the instructions of the game. However, this should not be made as a compulsory requirement. In the education system, the regulations create a fair playing ground for all the institutions within a specific level (Mukudi, 2004). Therefore, the set rules should apply to all the players within a given level. This is aimed at ensuring fairness in the game as well as instilling a sense of ownership of the game by the players. In the Kenyan education system, in graduating from one education level to the next, one becomes more improved. To match this, in the game, the gaming facilities accessible to the players should advance with

Exploring of Teaching Strategies for Diversity Essay

Exploring of Teaching Strategies for Diversity - Essay Example The efficiency of pedagogical intervention is differently designed for the teachers of low-income, multicultural and multilingual students who live in a big city with differences in economic status, the students who live in large districts who have limited resources but high mobility rates and the teachers who travel to their schools. â€Å"The instructional coaching intervention builds upon sociocultural theory†. The mixed method study explores the efficacy of results of instructional coaching of urban teachers by using the data of focused group discussion and the data of quantitative pre and post-invention. Five standard interventions are discussed in the article. The trained teachers took part in a workshop of 30 hours while targeting the principles of learning based on research. It also discusses the standards for effective pedagogy in order to teach the multicultural students. Pedagogical transformation and outlines of sustainability are demonstrated by the results of ins tructional coaching. The effects of the theory, its practice and research are acquired by the understanding of qualitative and quantitative results. A significant difference is indicated by the results. These results highlight the need of the continuing research that examines the influence of the composition of classroom based on the competency of cultural training in order to educate students. It helps new professionals to become culturally proficient and competent. The results show that the diversity in classroom composition affects the cultural competency.

George Walker Bush Essay Example for Free

George Walker Bush Essay George Walker Bush became the President of United States of America on January 20, 2001. As the President of U. S, he had taken many wrong decisions that affected the economy and foreign policy of U. S. He was successful in lying, cheating, killing and drinking his way to the top. He was victorious in his supposed war of terrorism on two countries and continuously killing and harming innocents. George Bush’s War on Terrorism George Walker Bush has not been successful as a President. As a leader, he assumed near absolute power soon after the September 11, 2001, attacks. He led the war against terrorism and championed both the USA Patriot Act and Homeland Security Department domestically which allowed his government’s to take up absolute power over the aspects of the international war on terrorism which included establishment of military tribunals and removing fundamental rights long recognized under the American law. Again Bush was successful in acting unilaterally by expanding his authority as he saw fit to accomplish his aims and objective without any regard to any of the fundamental rights of human beings which all people have whether they are American or not (Altman, 24). He was successful in launching his war of terrorism shortly after the September 11, 2001 attacks. Like a dictator, he ordered the Taliban to surrender Osama Bin Laden. In response, Taliban tried their level best to bring Bin Laden to be trialed under Islamic law. At this, Bush made the decision to invade Afghanistan. After successfully capturing Afghanistan, the U. S captured various prisoners who he believed were associated to Al-Queda. The trouble was that many of the so called accomplices to Al-Qaeda were teenagers. Bush next target was to attack Iraq. In early 2002, Bush declared that Iraqis were developing weapons of mass destruction. He also announced that Iraqi regime was responsible for developing anthrax, nerve gas and nuclear weapons for over a decade (Andrew, 52). Based on this assumption, the United Nations sent a group of inspectors to Iraq to investigate on it. After a systematic and comprehensive search, the UN announced that were no nuclear weapons in Iraq but this was not sufficient answer for Bush. He took the decision to invade Iraq in March, 2003. There was no approval of force found with the United Nations. By doing this, Bush broke all global war agreements. His main intention to wage war on Iraq was for oil. By attacking Iraq, he is getting $5million out of Iraq per week. On attacking Iran, Bush decided to withdraw from the World Court of Law and made a decision that the policies and guidelines of United Nations were completely irrelevant. This showed that Bush’s intentions were to invade Iraq at any cost in order to get control of the oil fields. Bush as a leader George Bush with the help of Clarence Thomas has taken the most far-reaching and drastic standpoint, encouraging the government’s right to confine even American citizens as adversary opponents without allegations. The former deputy assistant legal representative in Bush’s Office of Legal Counsel, John Yoo, stand for president’s right to order torment if he considers it essential for nationwide security. It’s not surprising to know that Bush is considered an imperial president who is transgressing assembly and establishing is own laws (Bacevich, 36). The significance of this is the detail that Bush is implementing unrestricted authority and influence and getting away with it because of his campaign in the name of freedom and terrorism. As the president of United States of America, Bush has failed to defend America’s freedom and has given birth to his own democracy. He views all threats to his ultimate power as unpatriotic and he had used this early in the war effort and removal of Osama Bin Laden in Afghanistan and invading Iraq on false account. Because of his actions, the constitution of United States of America has become meaningless. George Bush has acted more like an imperialist rather than president by imposing his views on the local and overseas affairs calling for removal of other nation’s leaders for the name of democracy. Bush and Education in United States He had passed the No Child Left Behind Act which was suppose to aid schools achieve better grade levels and improved state tests. However, Bush had failed to provide adequate resources to help schools to accomplish the standards of the act (Balmer, 69). Bush and United States Economy When Bush started his term as the president of United States, he made many tax deductions that generally assisted the wealthy. Money that was earned through stock ownership was not taxed but money that was earned by hardworking individuals was to be taxed. The unemployment rate in Bush reign has increased from 4. 2% to 5. 6%. About 2. 4 million jobs were lost in 2003. The unemployment rate went to 9% in 2005. Surveys conducted in 2005 showed that there are 9 million American who are unemployed. The unemployment rate among those aged 16-24 was 13% in 2005 (Blumenthal, 74). Although Bush proposed to eliminate Youth Opportunity Grant program that aims to give training to youngsters. A $225 million program in 2002 was being done away. His proposal of free trade agreements resulted in the loss of job in the United States of America to global market and taking advantage of workers from developing countries (Barber, 39). Bush and Environmental Issues Bush had approved the Clear Skies Act that challenges the Clean Air Act. The Clean Skies Act allows about 9. 9 million tons of varied chemical toxins to be released in air than the Clean Air Act would have if it was implemented. Bush also failed to defend 3 million acres of Tongass National Forest from logging and also had the maximum concentration of bald eagles on earth. He also withdrew from the Kyoto agreement on global warming which had been agreed upon by more than 170 countries (Benjamin, 98). He had also made frequent efforts to authorize oil drilling in the National Wildlife Refuge. Other Facts about Bush He has cut funding for about 375000 low income college students and reduced Pell Grant amounts to such a drastic level that it efficiently caused about 84000 students to be no longer being suitable for Pell Grants. Pell amounts have been cut down for 1. 5 million students. He backed out from the International Criminal Court. He was also the first president in US history who rejected the United Nations Election Inspectors. He had taken 11 authorized measures to undermine reproductive rights. He is also the first president of United States who had criminal record. He had also slashed financial support that was provided to women against violence. He also responsible for 521 billion dollar financial plan shortage in less than period of four years after inheriting 200 billion dollar surplus Conclusion The evaluation of George Walker Bush as the President of United States and compared to previous presidents proves that he was the wrong choice for United States of America. With military troops dying and no end to war, Bush has strained relations with other foreign countries. The strong backing of many nations has been lost by the United States because of Bush’s wrong choices. There have been immense modifications that have occurred due to Bush Administration. Digging deep into the economical, social and political features of U. S, Bush has changed the face of U. S. Work Cited: Altman, Daniel. Neoconomy: George Bush’s Revolutionary Gamble with America’s Future. New York: Public Affairs, 2004, 2005. Andrew, Christopher. For the President’s Eyes Only: Secret Intelligence and the American Presidency From Washington to Bush. New York: Harper Collins, 2007. Bacevich, Andrew J. American Empire: The Realities and Consequences of U. S. Diplomacy. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2002. Balmer, Randall. Thy Kingdom Come: How the Religious Right Distorts the Faith and Threaten’s America, An Evangelical’s Lament. New York: Basic Books, 2006. Barber, Benjamin R. Fear’s Empire: War, Terrorism, and Democracy. New York: W. W. Norton, 2003, 2004. Benjamin, Daniel and Steven Simon. The Age of Sacred Terror: Radical Islam’s War Against America. New York: Random House, 2004. Blumenthal, Sidney. How Bush Rules: Chronicles of a Radical Regime. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2006.

Essay --

CAT Question: Do balanced scorecards increase performance in organizations? †¢ Management challenge and research question The research question is when an organization has implemented a balanced scorecard does performance improve within an organization? Many organizations have balanced scorecards that contain metrics that do not necessarily contribute to increased performance. They may also try to measure areas that are not easy or impossible to measure like values or engagement. In addition, organizations may focus more on meeting milestones or deadlines of activities rather than achieving the desired outcomes of the initiative. Another issue is that organizations may focus solely on the measures on the balanced scorecard while ignoring other important operational initiatives. Lastly, balanced scorecards may increase organization performance due to the Hawthorne effect or the observer-expectancy effect that claims individuals will modify their behavior when it is being measured as a response to the fact that they know they are being studied. Studies have also shown that high performance may be reflected through the balanced scorecard, but this is more of a reflection of the manager’s relationship with a certain employee than it is of the outcome of a particular initiative. †¢ Results / evidence summary (including limitations of research found, if any) Study in the Journal of Management Accounting Research (Ittner & Larcker, 1998) surveyed the effectiveness of the balanced scorecard versus performance measurement methods used in the past. The results showed that only 5% of respondents thought the balanced scorecard approach was significantly higher in its effectiveness. In the International Journal of Business Administration, a ... ...mance. There are several factors that play a role in this observation, many of which have to do with the nature of the balanced scorecard model. First, balanced scorecards create an atmosphere where performance is being looked at and often when an individual’s performance is being monitored, they are more susceptible to the observer-expectancy effect that means these individuals try harder. Second, balanced scorecards increase the accountability of managers. These contribute to managers â€Å"walking the talk† so that their staff and others view them â€Å"living’ the balances scorecard. Third, when putting measures, objectives and initiatives on the balanced scorecard this highlights their importance. This in turn brings more attention to achieving the proper outcome and increases performance, but only when the proper objectives, initiatives and measures have been selected.

Bio-fuels and how effective they truly are for the environment Essay

Biodiesel Biodiesel, classified as a renewable and biodegradable diesel fuel which is produced thru extraction of natural fats and oils. It can substantially reduce green house gas emission due to its low sulfur content. It is now commonly used in various parts of the world. Biodiesel can replace petroleum diesel in both the transport and non-transport applications. A shift in the utilization of alternative energy resources (including alternative fuels) will change the total demand for biodiesel as well as the level of utilization in specific applications. Bioethanol â€Å"Bioethanol is a high-octane, water-free alcohol produced from the fermentation of sugar or other converted biomass. In its purest form it is a colorless clear liquid with mild characteristic odor that boils at 78oC and freezes at 112oC† (www. doe. gov. ph). Ethanol burns more cleanly because it contains oxygen and has a high octane number, hence less carbon monoxide emissions and averts premature detonation. It burns slightly cooler, extending engine life, and promotes higher volumetric efficiency of the engine, thus, increases power. Adding ethanol to gasoline â€Å"oxygenates† the fuel so that it burns with less emissions. Most modern gasoline vehicles could operate on pure ethanol with a few basic engine modifications. â€Å"A 10% blend requires no engine modification while making a contribution to reducing emissions. Anything more than 10% requires engine modification† (www. doe. gov. ph). The other commercial blends are E15 (U. S. A. ), E20 (Brazil), E85 (Sweden and Minnesota), and E100 (used with 4% water in Brazil and Argentina). Fuel ethanol is primarily used for land transport as alternative to gasoline in spark-ignition engines. Other Biofuels The potentials of other alcohols such as methanol, propanol and butanol can be exhaustively explored for very specific future applications that can further increase the total amount of biofuel substitute to conventional fossil and fossil derived fuels. Methanol produced from biomass is not economically competitive at present. There is, however, an interesting possibility as alternative to hydrogen as fuel. Propanol and butanol can be produced by the action of microorganisms and enzymes. Butanol, particularly, is produced by fermentation in a process that can be modified for high net enegy gains. It has sufficiently similar characteristics with gasoline fuel such that there is high probability that it can be burned pure in existing commercial engines without modification and without any difficulty. There are other important biofuels such as biogas, charcoal, producer gas, etc. They can be processed and utilized in accordance with the provisions of existing laws, rules, regulations and standards. Studies are conducted in order that these important biofuels can be integrated into the biofuels program in a package for both energy and socio-economic objectives. Other First Generation Biofuels. The most common First Generation Biofuel is biogas which is a product of anaerobic digestion of organic materials an example of which is methane from wastes. Both the gas and digestate can be used as fuel. The utilization is usually site specific because of the environmental implications of production. A number of big commercial farms are producing and using biogas from wastes for process heating and the generation of supplementary power. Another first generation biofuel is Charcoal which is the product of the carbonization of hydrocarbon materials including wastes. Producer gas is from the gasification of hydrocarbon feedstock. In the late seventies, this fuel was utilized as engine fuel. The gas was generated from small wood chips fed into a reactor mounted unto the vehicle. Second-generation Biofuels â€Å"Second generation biofuels are those from lignocellulosic biomass feedstock using advanced technical processes. Being currently developed are: BioHydrogen, Bio- dimethylether (Bio-DME), Biomethanol, dimethylfuran (DMF), High Temperature Upgrading (HTU) diesel, Fischer-Tropsch diesel, Mixed Alcohols† (http://www. export. gov).

Ccj V Privy Council

†¢? The creation of a new court is one of the most important decisions for Jamaica. Jamaican citizens have the right to appeal to the Privy Council in criminal, civil or Constitutional matters. †¢ The Government of Jamaica proposes to take away your right of appeal to the Privy Council and replace it with a new court called the Caribbean Court of Justice †¢ A process of public education and debate is essential and the public must be involved in making the final decision. †¢ We don't know how much the Caribbean Court of Justice will cost. We know the Government has to borrow the money to set it up, and Jamaica is carrying too much debt as it is.The Privy Council gives its services at no cost to the Public Purse. †¢ A final court of appeal should be permanent. However members may withdraw from the Caribbean Court of Justice by giving 3 years notice †¢ Concerns remain about the full independence of the President of the Court, his/her special prominence and the security of tenure of the judges, which are absolutely critical factors. †¢ The judges of the Privy Council are entirely free from any interference or pressure from politicians in Jamaica or the Caribbean †¢ The atrocious state of our courts is a national disgrace.How can we talk about funding a new Caribbean Court, when our own courts are dilapidated, and lack basic amenities such as proper toilets? We must put our own house in order first. Justice should begin at home. †¢? Whether you support the establishment of a Caribbean Court of Justice or not, it is your right to express your opinion, and it is the Government’s duty to ask us if and when or whether we choose to replace the Privy Council as our Final Court of Appeal. †¢ The Government should not remove the right of appeal to the Privy Council without a referendum. The Government should not alter our rights