Life Expectancy Issues Among Indigenous Communities In Australia

Question: Discuss about the Indigenous Authored Literature Review On Exploring The Life Expectancy Issues Among Indigenous Communities In Australia. Answer: Literature review The literature review intends to elaborate a certain issue in relation to a relative interesting area that would help in exploring the unattended information so far. In accordance with the report from the national indigenous reform agreement, 8 out 10 Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander are suffering from low life expectancy in the current scenario (Griffiths, 2013). In Australian, the life expectancy surveys are being conducted in Australia in every 5 years in order to accumulate information regarding the frequency of occurrence of the issue. Here the study would be addressing the issues of life expectancy among the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders culture and diversity and how it has been treated since the outburst of the issues would also be attended (Coleman et al. 2015). Through evaluating three of the articles by the indigenous writer, the issue could better be explained and understood at the same time. It has evidently been realised that there is a humongous gap between the indigenous and Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander on the basis of life expectancy. In the article named Closing the Gaps: competing estimates of Indigenous Australian life expectancy in the scientific literature by (Coleman et al. 2015) has exhibited the gap between life expectancy of the indigenous such as Aboriginal Islanders and Australian people which have been calculated through many methods in the past few years. The article explains the inequality in the health aspects of the Australian people and the indigenous and a well-documented evaluation of the facts could also be gained in this regard. In a comparative manner, the difference between the life expectancy issues and reasons behind it could be stated in terms of morbidity, disability and mortality in the life course of the indigenous people and along with this, international injury, uneven practices of hospitalisation for mental illness, renal dise ase and so on, have greater influence upon the indigenous Australian (Doyle et al. 2015). In Australia, the aspects of life expectancy aspects are calculated and explaining order to manifest the difference between health equality and circumstances that encourage such issues to arise (Rosenstock et al. 2013). The article has evaluated the course of explaining life expectancy among indigenous people in Australia through adopting certain methods such as assess the peer reviewed publication that has conducted the calculation regarding life expectancy among indigenous people in Australia between 2007-2012. The results were presented in term five age section of the population such as 20 years, 17 years, 15 -20 years and 11.5 years in males, whereas the females suffering the life expectancy issues has been realised within the age group of 9.7 years in comparison to the Australian people (Esler, et al. 2015). Thus, in relation to this article a concluding note could be incorporated that tho ugh the outcomes of the survey has not been revealed to the stakeholders but it is evident that the agreement based on the gap magnitude should be presented to the stakeholders in order to reduce the issues related to o life expectancy among indigenous people n Australia. In relation to the second indigenous authored article called Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Life Expectancy and Mortality Trend reporting it is also realised that the author has shaded light upon the life expectancy evaluation and its exploration on the basis of survey results. Hence, it is manifested within the article that the methodology regarding the evaluation of the life expectancy has changed in the past several years and new methodology has been introduced in 2013 (Calma, 2010). The study mainly concentrated upon the ways in which the aspects of life expectancy has been explored and how often these are effective in delivering acute information regarding the rate of life expectancy issues among a male and female population of the indigenous people in Australia (Karlsson, 2013). One of the main programmes were generated between 2012 to 2014 called closing the gap programme which aimed at reducing or diminishing the gap between the life expectancy rates of aboriginal isla nders and the Australian people. The third article named Hypertension: high prevalence and a positive association with obesity among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander youth in far north Queensland in this regard have also manifested different facets of the issues related to life expectancy. The study has directed the attention towards another important aspect of Australia that showcased instead of the good name at the word bank, there is still inequality persist regarding health issues among the Australian population (Schluter et al. 2016). The two indigenous populations in Australia, which are Aboriginal people and Torres Strait Islanders, are facing inequality in education, income and health reacted issues in their daily course of life. In accordance with the National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Social Survey report conducted in 2008 it is realised that the gross income of the indigenous communities in Australia is also most equal to the US$14,020 and in the remote areas of Australia 28% of the popul ation is running out of financial assets needed for basic living (Yap and Biddle, 2010). The life expectancy aspects are below 10 to 12 years of the other Australian population and the main reason behind be could be stated in terms of familial separation, colonisation, racism underpins the current disadvantages for the Aboriginal people and Torres Strait Islanders in Australia (Graham et al. 2017). The article has argued that along with the pre mentioned the reason the cardiovascular and renal disease which has influenced the young adults in the Australian. The results have manifested in terms of the sources of the illness including hyper tension, obesity and lack of proper nutrition among children basically. Thus, a conclusion in relation to the study could be inserted in terms of the fact that the young adults of the indigenous communities specifically in the remote living areas are at great risk due to renal disease and cardiovascular issues. A suggestive note has been recorded i n relation to the preventive action could have been considered in order to prevent the influential impact of the diseases or the inequality on the future generation in those aboriginal communities. Hence, from the above evaluation of the three indigenous authored articles, it has been realised that the indigenous population in Australia has been facing difficulties in many forms in the course of their life (Sanders, 2013). Though the Aboriginal people and Torres Strait Islanders have witnessed inequalities in the form of education, income and health, here the issues related to life expectancy have been evaluated. From the comparative discussion, it could be realised that the Aboriginal people and Torres Strait Islanders people are devoid of the basic requirements and necessity in the course of living and in relation to the health issues the problem related to life expectancy has been highlighted among the indigenous communities. Thus, an evident gap has been realised between the health related problem and treating those problems among the indigenous people and the Australian population (Ritchie, 2010). On the other hand, it could be said that the articles have evidently extract ed he main reason behind the issues in the respective communities in a critical manner. The indigenous communities are below the standard of income, education and health in comparison to other Australian population. The indigenous population living in remote areas are subjected to witness the cruellest side of inequality in terms of financial instability which has great influence upon the daily course of life (Schluter et al. 2016). The issues regarding life expectancy in the Aboriginal people and Torres Strait Islanders have been realised with the frequency of occurrence among young adults. In conclusion, it could be depicted that due to the implementation of preventive actions in relation to the health issues among indigenous community. In accordance with the report produced by Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, instead of the enhancement of the situation of the communities, the indigenous people still remain below a standard of the known-indigenous people. The survey has also manifested that the male indigenous born between 2010 to 2012 have the life expectancy rate of 69.1 in comparison to known indigenous and which is also below in the current situation. The rate of indigenous people persists between 81% n 2013 as most of the people were below 75 years in comparison to the non-indigenous people in Australia. After 10 years of the implementation of closing the gap programme the rate of life expectancy issues have reduced with 34% and it could be expected the in the next 10 years that the issues will be dispersed with effective efforts. Thus, the effectivenes s of closing the gap programme could be realised as it has manifested the main reason behind such issues is the non communicable diseases and lack of proper treatment to the serious diseases. Thu, it could be concluded that the future preventive measures would be able to reduce the negative impact of the health issues from the Aboriginal people and Torres Strait Islanders communities. References Calma T. 2010 Chalmers OrationWhats needed to Close the Gap?Rural Remote Health.2010;10(3):1586. Coleman,, C., Fortune, N., Lee,, V., Griffiths,, K. and Madden, R., 2015. 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